The protocol is designed to be used with a large number of anchors covering a big area. Each anchor has a limited reach and covers only a small area, but by adding more anchors the system can cover an (virtually) unlimited area. At any point in the covered area, 5-10 anchors should be within range of a Tag.

Each anchor knows its own position in a global coordinate system and broadcasts this information in time stamped packets that are used by one or more Tags to estimate their position.

There is no synchronization between anchors and they have their own clocks. There is no master in the system and all anchors are equal.

Packets are transmitted at random times and collisions are handled by the receiving party.

• Header
  • type: 0x30
  • seq: the sequence number of this packet 0 - 127
  • txTimeStamp: transmission time of this packet
  • remoteCount: the number of slots in the Remote Anchor Data section that are populated with data, max 8
• Remote anchor data
  • id: the id of the remote anchor
  • hasDistance: 1 = distance data is included in the remote anchor data, total length is 8 bytes, otherwise it is 6 bytes.
  • seq: sequence number of latest packet received from the remote anchor 0 - 127
  • rxTimeStamp: receive time stamp of latest packet from the remote anchor
  • distance: time of flight between the current anchor and the remote anchor in radio timer ticks
• LPP data: See LPP short packet description

A TDoA tag is simply an UWB sniffer. A sniffer can use the data in the packets together with the timestamps when packets are received to calculate its position.

Please see TDoA positioning principles